Emergency Keywords
Master the core language of marine communications: the NATO phonetic alphabet (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie), standard radio control words, and the emergency keywords used on the water. Built for quick reference when clarity matters.
Informational only. Always follow official Coast Guard regulations and local guidance. In emergencies, call 911 and/or hail VHF Channel 16.
Why these words matter
In bad weather, low visibility, or high stress, normal speech gets messy fast. Standardized words reduce confusion, speed up response, and help rescuers understand your situation the first time.
- Phonetics prevent “B vs D” mistakes when signals are weak.
- Control words keep transmissions organized and brief.
- Emergency keywords tell everyone exactly how serious the situation is.
Rule: When the message is important, slow down, use phonetics, and repeat critical details.
Who this guide is for
Essential reference material for VHF radio operators, offshore cruisers, commercial mariners, and anyone responsible for onboard communications and safety operations.
NATO Phonetic Alphabet
Use phonetics any time a letter could be misheard — call signs, waypoints, vessel names, and coordinates.
| Letter | Word | Letter | Word |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Alpha | N | November |
| B | Bravo | O | Oscar |
| C | Charlie | P | Papa |
| D | Delta | Q | Quebec |
| E | Echo | R | Romeo |
| F | Foxtrot | S | Sierra |
| G | Golf | T | Tango |
| H | Hotel | U | Uniform |
| I | India | V | Victor |
| J | Juliet | W | Whiskey |
| K | Kilo | X | X-ray |
| L | Lima | Y | Yankee |
| M | Mike | Z | Zulu |
Standard Radio Control Words
- OVER — I've finished transmitting, your turn to respond
- OUT — Conversation is complete, no response expected
- ROGER — Message received and understood
- WILCO — Will comply (understood + will carry out instruction)
- SAY AGAIN — Please repeat your last transmission
- STAND BY — Wait — I'll get back to you shortly
- RADIO CHECK — How do you read me? (strength/clarity check)
- LOUD AND CLEAR — Signal is strong and easily understood
- BREAK — Pause between sections of a long message
- CORRECTION — Error in previous transmission — correct version follows
Emergency Keywords Quick Reference
- MAYDAY — Grave and imminent danger to life or vessel. Use only when life is at risk.
- PAN-PAN — Urgent situation requiring assistance but not immediately life-threatening.
- SÉCURITÉ — Safety broadcast warning all stations about a navigation hazard or weather.
- DISTRESS — State of danger requiring immediate assistance.
- SILENCE MAYDAY — Coast Guard instruction to clear Channel 16 during an active Mayday.
- SEELONCE FEENEE — Coast Guard announcement that Mayday traffic has ended.
See the full procedure guide: Mayday / Pan-Pan / Sécurité Explained →